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Nafisat ISSA, Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influences the germination, growth, survival and reproduction of other organisms. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Eugenia jambolana leaf aqueous extract on the growth of Vigna unguiculata. Aqueous extract of the leaves of Eugenia jambolana were screened for phytochemicals and its effect on the growth of Vigna unguiculata were investigated. The leaf extract was made into a solution to obtain two rates (100mg, 300mg, 500mg, 800mg and 1000mg) which were compared with the control (0g). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates and phenols. The aqueous extract significantly (p<0.05) had higher inhibitory effect on the radicle and plumule lenght of Vigna unguiculata from Day 4 and Day 5 after planting when compared to the control and other treatments (100mg, 300mg and 500mg) to that of 800mg and 1000mg.

Mustapha MURTALA, Building Technology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the factors leading to wastage of timber in some selected construction site within Mabushi Abuja.

Olatunji Mutalib ADELE, Accounting Education - Lagos State University, Ojo, 2024

The study investigates the impact of lesson plan in the teaching and learning of accounting education student in senior secondary school in Ojo local government area. The study adopted an experimental design. The sample for the study consists of twenty student from each school(ten in the control group and ten in the experimental group) which makes a total of two hundred secondary school teachers. The instruments used for this research was a questionnaire that consists of twenty-one items. The data collected from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences(SPSS). The research hypotheses revealed that Lesson plan has a role in the teaching and learning of accounting education student in senior secondary school. Lesson plan influences the academic performance of accounting education student in secondary schoo. Teachers should be trained in the use of lesson plan in accounting education, also assessment tools should be developed to measure the effectiveness of lesson plan in improving student learning outcomes.

Olumide Samuel ADEBAJO, Political Science Education - Lagos State University, Ojo, 2024

The study examines factors that influence students motivation and engagement in government, in Lagos state secondary school district IV. The study adopted an experimental design. The sample for the study consists of twenty student from each school (ten in the control group and ten in the experimental group) which makes a total of two hundred secondary school teachers. The instruments used for this research was a questionnaire that consists of twenty-one items. The data collected from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The primary purpose of this research is to investigate and comprehensively understand the factors that influence student motivation and engagement in the study of government in secondary schools within Lagos State. Specifically, to identify and examine the key factors that impact student motivation and engagement in government education, encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and aslo to evaluate the effectiveness of different pedagogical approaches and teaching methods in promoting student interest and active engagement in the subject of government. To explore the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on students' motivation and engagement in government education, recognizing the diverse backgrounds within Lagos State and lastly to investigate how assessment and evaluation methods in government education contribute to or hinder student motivation and engagement.

Oluwatoyin Mary OLAWUYI, Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

The study is aimed at isolating and identifying the fungi associated with late blight of potatoes in Jos South Local Government Area of plateau State. The infected leaf samples were collected from three different fields in Jos South Local Government Area and transported to the laboratory, the infected leaves were cut into smaller portions using a sterile blade and inoculated on the Potato Dextrose Agar, it was incubated at room temperature for 5 days after which the different colonies obtained were identified using the slide culture technique. The result obtained indicated the presence of 3 different fungal species with their percentage occurrence: Phytophtora sp. (50%), Aspergillus niger (33.3%) and Aspergillus flavus (16.7%), However Phytophtora sp. was the most predominant specie while Aspergillus flavus was the least common. It was concluded that 3 fungal species were found to be responsible for the deterioration of potato plant in the potato fields in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State. In order to prevent the fungal infection on the leaves and other parts of the plant, this study recommends the development of suitable cultural, chemical and management practices to improve the quality of potato tuber right from the field.

Rofiat ABUBAKAR , Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

In vitro anti-trypanosomal effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum against Trypanosoma brucei brucei was examined. The leaf of Ocimum sanctum was collected and maceration method was used for extraction. Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using the method described by (Trease and Evans). Which revealed the presence and absence of active compounds which includes; alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and it further revealed the absence of anthraquinones The in vitro test of anti-trypanosomal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum was carried out in a 96 well micro-titre plate. Twenty micro-litres (20µl) of blood were exposed to 10µl of the extract solution concentration of 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml respectively 10µl of the standard drug Diminazine diaceturate, was used as the positive control; while 10µl of phosphate buffered saline glucose was used as the negative control. At five minutes’ incubation, a drop of the incubated blood sample was placed on a glass slide, covered with a cover slip and mounted on a light microscope. The parasite was monitored every 5 minutes of a total of 60 minute, the parasite motility was observed and tracked under microscope at X400 magnification. It was discovered that the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity in a concentration and time dependent manner on the parasite. When the parasite was exposed to 2.5mg/ml of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, the parasites were slightly weak in 5 minutes of exposure, under 10 minutes of exposure, motility ceased until 60 minutes. The same procedure applies for 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, the parasite's motility ceased in 5 minutes till 60 minutes of these concentrations. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum exhibited good anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The bioactive compounds in the plant extract are attributed to the anti-trypanosomal activity. The p-value is < 0.05, here we reject the null hypothesis and concluded that the Ocimum sanctum leaf extract has significant anti-trypanosomal activity.

Basiratu Chindo SANI, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through life’s experiences related to injury. Biologists recognize that those stimuli which cause pain are liable to cause tissue damage. A diurnal rhythm is a periodic or rhythmic change in the physiological or behavioral characteristics of an organism with a periodicity of approximately 24hours which regulates behavior, organs and cells in living organisms, studies have highlighted the influence of circadian rhythms on pain sensitivity. The study, “Diurnal variation in mechanical pain threshold in female swiss albino mice” was used to examine the effect of diurnal variation on mechanically- induced pain in mice paw. Following the procedure of the Randall-Selitto test, twenty swiss albino mice were grouped into two (light and dark phase) and subjected to mechanical pain induced by an analgesiometer in the morning (light phase) and in the evening (dark phase) for a duration of two days. From the results obtained, it was seen that mechanical pain threshold was higher during the dark phase than in the light phase although it was not statistically significant. It may be concluded that mechanical pain threshold may exhibit diurnal or temporal fluctuation

Okpanachi Abubakar , Electrical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research work proposed the use of genetic algorithm methods for the optimal allocation of multiple distributed generation units in a distribution network. The aim of the integration is to minimize the system losses and enhance voltage profile of the distribution network. This combination guarantees convergence accuracy and speed in multiple distributed generation units’ allocation. The active power, size, and location are simultaneously considered during distribution network loss minimization. This proposed technique is applied to 33-bus test distribution systems. The test results show that the proposed genetic algorithm (GA) could lead to optimal or near-optimal solution, while requiring lower computational effort.

Hammed Adeyinka ADEBISI, Mass Communication - Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, 2022

The study focused on the influence of social media on the electorate’s perception of political aspirants: A comparative study of Peter Obi and Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s campaign for Presidency. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which social media influenced the electorate's choice of candidate for Presidency and to examine the influence of social media on the electorate’s perception of the presidential candidates. The study appraised several concepts such as social media, political participation, and voting behavior of the electorate. The theoretical studies’ review for the study was based on Marshall McLuhan’s Technological Determinism Theory, Agenda Setting Theory, and Social Judgment Theory. The population of the study was the electorate in Abeokuta who use social media, especially residents of Oluwo community in Abeokuta. Primary and secondary sources of data gathering were employed. The survey method, which allowed for data gathering from two hundred (200) respondents, was adopted, while one hundred and ninety-two (192) copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and processed. Data were tested using simple percentages and Chi-Square at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study showed that there is a significant relationship between social media and electorate's voting behavior. Social media influences the electorate’s perception of the current presidential candidates. It was concluded that social media serve as credible tools and are capable of influencing the image of political candidates in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that political candidates should carefully plan and execute communication strategies using various social media tools, so as to fully enjoy the inherent benefits of the social media tools (i.e. credibility and awareness).

Asmau Yakubu MOHAMMED , Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

While youths and university students generally have lower rates of morbidity and mortality, they frequently have noticeable health issues that are often hidden and/or underdiagnosed. Some of these health problems are related to behaviours that are common within this age group/demographic. Still, reports show that their utilization of health services is low. Poor health seeking behaviour is common among them, which could be detrimental to their overall health and well-being.

Blessing Emmanuel AMATEMESO, Community Medicine - University of Calabar, 2023

Although women are the direct users of emergency contraceptive, it is well documented that men’s general knowledge and attitude towards contraception greatly influences their preferences and options. Men are also responsible for the large proportion of consequences of unsafe abortion suffered by their female partners. Male dominant cultures usually promote virility and as such the male partners usually make the final decisions. Hence, if pregnancy is not desired, contraception should be a joint effort by both parties. Male involvement helps not only in accepting a contraception but also in its effective use (Nazish as cited in Obarisiagbon et al, 2017) In a study conducted in Botswana, men rarely participate in contraception and other health reproductive activities due to traditions, gender, inequality, upbringing, legal restraints, customary Laws, bias, nurses’ attitude towards men who bring their partners towards to hospital for counselling (Wanannai, 2013).

Musa Zainab MUSTAPHA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of individual is assessed to have an information on how health status affects the quality of life. The Almajiri children continue to face several challenges that pose a threat to their health and well-being. Consequentially, this is seen to affect their quality of life. The aim of this study is to assess the health-related quality of life of Almajirai in selected Qur’anic Schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State.

Suleiman Muktar SALKA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Self-medication among medical students is on the increase. Though the WHO recommends the practice of self-medication, inappropriate use can lead to several consequences. Various factors influence the pattern of self-medication, the choice of drugs, reasons, duration of treatment, likelihood to see a doctor after not getting relief and the type of ailment it is being used for.

Abdulmuiz Idowu ABDULKADRI, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Prostatic Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among Nigerian men and the second most common cause of cancer related death in men worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of PCa among middle-aged men in Biye Community, and to also assess the prevalence of the disease in the community.

TUMBA Nuhu, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2007

This study showed a high injury rate among health care workers as shown by other studies. Even though the level of safety awareness is fair, the practice of universal precaution is poor. Hence, concerted effort is needed to encourage health care workers to adhere to the principles of universal precautions, for the sake of their health and that of their patients.

Salma Muhammad Kabir, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The synthesize of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) resins from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles presents a promising avenue for recycling and sustainability. This study focuses on the chemical recycling of PET bottles, converting them into valuable BHET resins through a glycolysis process. Waste PET bottles were collected, depolymerized using ethylene glycol, producing bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET).The synthesis process was optimized by using six different catalysts (NaOH, Spent FCC, Ammonia, Activated Carbon, Kaolin and DES) to achieve the highest yield and optimal resin properties. Characterization of the synthesized BHET was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the functional group which was then compared with commercial bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The physical properties of the synthesized bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) such as density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were evaluated. Two out of the six catalysts (NaOH and Spent FCC) yielded 13.3 % and 5 % BHET respectively. This was confirmed by FTIR results comparison with commercial BHET which revealed similar functional group peaks. NaOH was found to be the best catalyst for BHET production, with highest yield conversion 94.4 %. Density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity of resulting BHET from NaOH were 1.27 gcm-3, 10.5 Pa.s and 0.11 m2 /s respectively. The results indicate that the BHET synthesized from waste PET bottles exhibits desirable properties for various industrial applications, such as coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Additionally, it portrays the environmental impact of the recycling process, highlighting the reduction in carbon footprint and energy consumption compared to traditional disposal methods. This study demonstrates the feasibility of converting waste PET into high-value materials, contributing to waste reduction and resource conservation.

Maryam Umar Abulfathi, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in developing and developed countries, but about 21% of patients with diabetes develop neuropathy. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on serum electrolytes in Alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic Wistar rats. A total of about thirty six (36) apparently healthy male Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6). Group I normal control group (0.1ml of water), group II standard control group (received Glibenclamide 5mg/kg), group III negative control ( received 500mg Nicotinamide) and group IV treatment group (received 1000mg Nicotinamide), Analysis for serum electrolytes after treatment was done by calorimetric method. The result for the serum electrolytes after treatment shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum sodium level, significant decrease( p < 0.05) In serum potassium level, significant decrease (p <0.05) in chloride level and also significant decrease ( p< 0.05) in serum bicarbonates level when all compare to diabetic (negative) control group. Nicotinamide may be useful in improving the clinical benefit for serum electrolytes changes excluding sodium in diabetes.

Olubodun David Toluwabori, Chemistry - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2024

This study focused on investigating dapsone and its schiff bases as potential antibiotic agents. Oseltamivir is a well-established antibiotic drug used to treat leprosy. However, research on its schiff bases derivatives is limited. This study aimed to characterize these derivatives in terms of their properties and potential as antibiotic agents. A series of ten schiff bases of dapsone were computationally designed and subjected to in-depth analysis. These derivatives were evaluated across multiple parameters including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicological profile, and potential interactions with a biological target. To achieve this, computational methodologies were employed. Computational studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the schiff bases of dapsone as drug candidates. The compounds' electronic properties and reactivity were assessed using the Spartan'14 software package. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were employed for further refinement. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, while ADMET properties and toxicity profiles were predicted using computational tools. Molecular docking simulations against reductase (PDB ID: 1zid) were performed to assess the compounds' potential as antibiotic agents. Several derivatives exhibited promising drug-like properties, acceptable toxicity profiles, and favorable binding affinities to the target protein, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further development. Physicochemical properties including partition coefficient (logP), total energy, dipole moment, and polarizability were computed for the compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties, encompassing absorption (HIA), distribution (including skin permeability and plasma protein binding), metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, were predicted using the Pre-ADMET online platform. Additionally, toxicity endpoints such as LC50 were estimated using the T.E.S.T 4.2 software. This comprehensive approach enabled the identification of key structural features influencing the compounds' behavior and provided insights into their suitability as drug candidates.

Luqman Abdulmumin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) describes procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria, according to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, was 20% as of 2018. This practice carries a lot of health and economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of FGM among residents of Maraban Guga community. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the wards. Selection of houses was done using systemic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. A total of 106 women of reproductive age participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 29 years. Findings reveal that 57.5% of the participants have undergone FGM, 45.3% have practiced it on their daughters, 71.7% have poor knowledge, and 66% have a positive attitude towards FGM; 51.9% of the respondents intend to continue the practice. A significant association was noted between the respondent’s level of education, knowledge, and practice of FGM, as well as between respondents’ FGM status and intention to practice it on future daughters. The study revealed that the prevalence of FGM is high in Maraban-Guga, with a large proportion of participants still willing to subject their future daughters to it. Targeted interventions aimed at addressing wrong beliefs and attitudes regarding the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation against FGM are recommended.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).