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Idris Hauwa Abubakar, Nursing Science - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Mental health issues among undergraduate students are becoming increasingly prevalent, and understanding their health-seeking behaviors is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to assess health-seeking behaviors for mental health conditions among undergraduate students at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Four specific objectives were achieved for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 undergraduate students using stratified random sampling technique to select respondents. A validated questionnaire was administered to collect data on awareness, utilization, and barriers to seeking help. Primary data was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data as frequencies and percentages. Key findings revealed high awareness of common mental health conditions but limited utilization due to cost, stigma, and fear. Perceived lack of mental health resources on campus was also a significant barrier. These findings highlight the need for universities to implement strategies to address these challenges and create a more supportive environment for students struggling with mental health issues. Recommendations include offering free or low-cost counseling services, increasing awareness about mental health resources, and promoting a stigma-free environment.

Lawal Rokeebat Abidemi, Primary Education Studies - University of Ilorin, 2025

This study investigated the comparative implementation of inclusive education among public and private primary schools in Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. The purpose was to examine the level of implementation in both school types and to identify the specific challenges hindering inclusive classroom practices. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population consisted of all primary school teachers in the area, and a total sample of 154 teachers (from 2 public and 5 private schools) was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire titled "Implementation of Inclusive Education Questionnaire (IIEQ)," validated by experts in primary education. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach Alpha, yielding a reliability index of 0.87. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that while public primary schools demonstrated an average level of implementation of inclusive education, private primary schools exhibited a high level of implementation. However, both sectors faced significant challenges such as insufficient teacher training, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to assistive technologies. The study concluded that although private schools generally showed stronger implementation practices, inclusive education still faces systemic challenges across both school types. Recommendations were made to strengthen teacher training, improve school infrastructure, and increase government and community support for inclusive education initiatives.

Muhammad Bashir Yahaya, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that appear in early childhood, caused by injury to the developing brain, leading to permanent impairments in movement and coordination. Children with CP often experience reduced quality of life and restricted social participation, placing a substantial psychological, social, and economic burden on their caregivers. Despite its impact, limited studies have examined this burden in depth. This study aims to assess the psycho-social and economic burden on primary caregivers of children with CP attending the Pediatric Neurology Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Kaduna State. A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 136 primary caregivers of children with CP who attended the neurology clinic during the study period. Data were collected through semi-structured, interviewer- administered questionnaires. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and cross-tabulations, while associations between categorical variables were tested using the Chi-square test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The mean age of respondents was 27.32 years (SD ±4.63). The majority were Hausa (79.4%), Muslim (77.9%), mothers (68.4%), and married (79.4%). Most were self- employed (47.8%) and had secondary education (39.7%). A large proportion (81.6%) perceived caring for a child with CP as burdensome, while 81.1% reported experiencing depression. Over 62.5% of respondents reported loss of personal time, and 56.6% indicated that their focus on the child with CP negatively affected attention to their other x children. Financially, 58.1% spent between ₦1,000–₦7,000 each monthly on medical and non-medical expenses, while 79.4% lived below Kaduna State’s minimum wage of ₦72,000 (2025). Statistically significant associations were found between level of education and social burden (p = 0.002), and between occupation and economic burden (p = 0.009). The study reveals that the majority of caregivers are mothers who face substantial psycho-social and economic challenges. The findings highlight the need for emotional support services, such as caregiver counseling, peer support groups, and the inclusion of children with CP in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to alleviate these burdens.

Mustapha Owuri, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Male involvement is crucial for maternal and infant healthcare service utilisation, particularly in patriarchal settings like Northern Nigeria where men are key decision-makers. However, spousal support often falls short of expectations, contributing to poor utilisation of maternal healthcare services. This study aimed to assess the factors that affect spousal support for maternal and infant healthcare service utilisation among men in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Sabon Gari LGA. A total of 100 spouses of mothers with infants aged 0-12 months were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge, perception, and participation in maternal healthcare (Antenatal Care - ANC, Intrapartum Care, Postnatal Care - PNC). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression using SPSS version 27. The mean age of respondents was 41.2 years. While most respondents (88%) had a positive perception towards maternal healthcare, overall knowledge was poor (87% had poor knowledge). Although awareness of ANC was high (92%), knowledge about when to start, the number of attendances, danger signs, and birth preparedness was limited. Overall participation in maternal healthcare was low, with only 43% demonstrating good participation. Participation was highest in PNC (81%), moderate in ANC (54%), and lowest during delivery (39%). While approval for wives to attend ANC (88%) and PNC (85%) was high, active support like accompanying wives to clinics (ANC: 8%, PNC: 9%) or providing physical support during labour was minimal. Significant factors influencing good participation included age (30-49 years), tribe (non-Fulani), higher education (tertiary), and good knowledge of maternal healthcare. Male spouses in Sabon Gari LGA generally hold positive perceptions but lack adequate knowledge and active participation regarding maternal healthcare service utilisation, particularly during ANC and delivery. Interventions focusing on improving male knowledge, addressing cultural barriers specific to certain groups, and targeting certain ages are needed to enhance their participation and improve maternal and infant health service utilisation in the communities.

Abdullahi Bilyamin Mohammad, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

One of the most important aspects of medical school education is research training. In order to maintain accreditation requirements, help students advance their careers, and produce a pool of researchers, medical schools are expected to teach students how to conduct research. Future doctors must receive sufficient research training during their undergraduate studies in order to foster critical thinking, cultivate critical appraisal abilities, and become research-oriented. A descriptive cross sectional study was done using a self–administered questionnaire. Data was collected from 242 undergraduate medical students of Ahmadu Bello University across three classes. Students were selected using a multistage sampling technique and the data gotten was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. The results were presented in tables and charts. Association between variables were tested for statistical significance. The level of significance was set at <5%. The mean age of the respondents 24.62 (SD+ 2.3) with more than half (51.3%) of the respondents in the age categories of 25-29. Majority of respondents have poor knowledge 51.7% while 45.3% have good knowledge. Also, majority of the respondents (55%) have good attitude towards research while 45% have poor attitude towards research. The result shows a significant relationship between level of study and knowledge on research and scientific publication. Many perceived barriers were highlighted by the students such as lack of time, lack of knowledge, and lack of mentorship or supervision. The study found that participants had a low knowledge score and a high attitude toward research. This may have something to do with the different perceived barriers to undergraduate research. For undergraduate medical research to increase in both quality and quantity, these obstacles must be removed and research must be incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum.

Abdullahi Saleh Yusuf, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Mental health is an important branch of optimal health based on the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health. Depression is one of the major mental illnesses prevalent in recent times, and it is a common mental disorder. Even though depression is a major mental illness is routinely disregarded or dismissed in most cultures globally, particularly among adolescents in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical features of depression and its management among patients attending psychiatric clinic in ABUTH from 2019 to 2024. Method: The study was descriptive cross sectional in nature and employed a systematic sampling technique. A total of 89 folders of the patients were surveyed by using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Low energy (78.2%), Suicidal attempt (75.2%), Persistently low mood (71.3%)decreased interest in pleasurable activities (70.3%) and poor concentration (56.4%)are found to be the common clinical presentation among the patients respectively and suicidal ideation(20.8%), low libido (24.8), agitation sleep change (35.6%) and feeling of guilt (48.5%) respectively are the least clinical presentation among the patients. Psychotherapy (84.2%), antidepressant (84.2%) and electroconvulsive therapy (67.3%) are common modalities of management of depression in ABUTH. The depressive features with the highest prevalence are low energy, Suicidal attempt, persistently low mood, decreased interest in pleasurable activities and poor concentration. Depressive symptoms are commonly managed by either Psychotherapy, antidepressant and electroconvulsive therapy or both depending on the severity.

Kazeem Oluwaseun Kareem, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Sickle cell disease is a global lifelong but preventable genetic blood disorder and it is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa within population of very similar geographical distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2025 with 80 sickle cell disease patients, selected via multistage sampling across 2 units. Data was collected using a semi- structured questionnaire on determinants of frequency of sickle cell crisis. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics. Out of the eighty respondents (mean age was 16.1, 52.5% male). 96.3% has bone pain crisis, and 75 % with 4 days duration of crisis. 23.7% has their last episode of crisis 3 months ago, with 61.2% having severe crisis where 40% were admitted twice in the last two years. 42.5% identified stress as a trigger factor and about 70% of the respondents were not on hydroxyurea. Strenuous exercise appears to be the leading risk factor that trigger the sickle cell crisis among the patients’ attending clinic in ABUTH. Therefore, the management intervention should health education of the risk factor and compliance on their medication.

Shamsudeen Bilyamin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Premarital screening is defined as a panel of tests in which couples that are going to get married are tested for genetic, infectious, and blood transmitted diseases to prevent any risk of transmitting disease to their children. Premarital screening aims primarily to give couples (who are planning to get married soon) medical consultation on the odds of transmitting genetic diseases to their children. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the schools. Selection of students was done using a simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. A total of 415 respondents participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 16 years. Findings reveal that 99% of the respondents have good knowledge with only 1% who have poor knowledge. The result shows that the age group 15-19, female sex and SS2 class have higher level of good knowledge, however there is significant statistical relationship between sex, class and knowledge of Premarital screening on Hepatitis B.

Abdulwahab Muhammed Ajikobi, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Food hygiene is critical for preventing foodborne illnesses, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where street food vending is widespread. Despite efforts by regulatory agencies, poor hygiene practices persist due to inadequate knowledge, infrastructure, and enforcement. This study assessed food vendors' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding food hygiene in Sabon-Gari LGA to identify gaps and recommend improvements. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 food vendors selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire, covering socio-demographics, knowledge (7 questions), attitude (5 Likert-scale questions), and practices (5 questions). Scores were categorized as "good" (≥70%) or "poor" (<70%). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with chi-square tests examining associations between variables (p<0.05 significance). Most respondents were between the age group 15–35 years (82.2%), female (73.7%), and had tertiary education (50%). Knowledge was good in (73%) of vendors, with (84.2%) recognizing food contamination risks. Attitude was positive in (85.5%), with (84.2)% agreeing on protective gear use. However, only (35.5%) consistently washed hands, and (27.8)% always used protective clothing. Infrastructure gaps were notable as (61.8%) lacked regulatory oversight, and (57.2%) reported poor hygiene facilities. Education level significantly influenced knowledge (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.001), and practice (p=0.001). While food vendors demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes, practices and infrastructure were suboptimal. Targeted interventions including hygiene training, provision of handwashing facilities, and stricter enforcement of regulations are recommended to bridge these gaps and reduce foodborne disease risks in the community.

Ponle Bashirat Ayomide, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The study was conducted at the Department of Biological Science Bayero University Kano laboratory which was aimed at studying the effect of Citrus sinensis peel extract on larvae and adult of Culex quinquefasciatu. Citrus sinensis peel was collected from Rijiyar lemo in Kano state and was later processed using standard procedure. The peel was extracted using maceration method. Mosquito larvae was collected from the gutter at female hostel Bayero University Kano and was reared at the laboratory using standard procedure. The adult mosquito was identified using a proper taxonomic guild. Bioassay for the larvae and adult were conducted using procedure. The result of the study indicated that Citrus sinensis peel extracted at 6%w/v concentration recorded the highest mortality of the larvae (44.44%) followed by 4%w/v which also recorded (29.63%) mortality. In conclusion Citrus sinensis peel extract at 6%w/v concentration was most effective in killing mosquito larvae and adult respectively. It is recommended that, encouraging public the benefit of Citrus sinensis peel extract will promote waste recycling and sustainability and as well increasing public awareness and implementation on natural mosquito control methods to reduce mosquito population.

Abdulwaris Abdulrasheed, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant known to induce nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the protective effects of Terminalia catappa bark extract on lead-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were divided into four groups: control (distilled water), lead-exposed (90 mg/kg lead acetate), lead + T. catappa (500 mg/kg extract), and T. catappa only. After 21 days, kidney tissues were analyzed histologically. The lead-exposed group exhibited severe tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation, while the T. catappa-treated group showed significant preservation of renal architecture, with reduced necrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that T. catappa bark extract mitigates lead-induced nephrotoxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study supports the potential of T. catappa as a natural therapeutic agent against heavy metal-induced kidney damage, warranting further mechanistic and clinical research.

Abdulmalik Hidal, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Diphtheria is commonly recognized as a childhood disease, predominantly affecting children under the age of 12 years. The global burden of diphtheria has been significantly reduced in developed countries worldwide, with considerable progress in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria over the past few decades. Ref Mothers of young children play a crucial role in ensuring that children under the age of 5 years are vaccinated and proper preventive measures are taken to prevent the spread of diphtheria infection. The level of knowledge, awareness and preventive practices related to diphtheria in some communities played an important role in the prevention and control of diphtheria infections. This study was aimed at assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards diphtheria infection among mothers of children under the age of five years in Jushi community, Sabon Gari LGA, Kaduna State. A cross sectional-descriptive study using self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was carried out. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the total sample size of 329 respondents. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics was done for the socio-demographic characteristics and categorical variables using simple frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi square or Fischer exact test to test the significance of association between the independent and dependent variables at p < 0.05 was considered level of significance. Result revealed that the majority of mothers (62.7%) were between 24 and 29 years old, with an average age of 28.1 years. Most participants practiced Islam (87.2%) and belonged to the Hausa ethnic group (51.4%), though other ethnicities, such as Fulani (10.0%), Yoruba (10.3%), and Igbo (2.4%), were also represented. Result revealed that knowledge of diphtheria infection was predominantly poor, with 66.0% of mothers categorized as having poor knowledge, while only 34.0% had good knowledge. Pertaining attitude, result showed that 65.0% of mothers had a negative attitude toward diphtheria infection, while only 35.0% had a positive attitude. The preventive practices were overwhelmingly poor, with 90.9% of mothers demonstrating poor practices, while only 9.1% had good preventive practices. The bivariate analysis indicates that age was a crucial determinant pertaining knowledge of diphtheria, religion also played a role and ethnicity was a significant factor (p <0.001). Furthermore, age and tribe were crucial determinant of attitude and preventive practice towards diphtheria (p <0.001). This study reveals poor knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding diphtheria in Jushi community,. Widespread vaccine hesitancy persists due to prevalent misconceptions and distrust in immunization. Alarmingly low vaccination rates were observed, with many children missing essential vaccine doses. It was recommended among others that State Ministry of Health should launch mass media campaigns targeting mothers, emphasizing vaccine safety and diphtheria risks

Francis Ifedayo Joshua, Accounting - Bamidele Olumilua University Of Education, Science And Technology, 2023

This paper examines the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period (2012-2021). Data were collected from secondary sources through Central Bank of Nigeria statistical Bulletin, audited annual financial statements, Journals and business report. The effect of corporate governance was measured using board independence, audit committee, gender diversity, board size and audit tenure. Return on asset was regressed on Board independence, Audit committee, Gender diversity, Board size and audit tenure using simple linear regression analysis. Board independence has insignificant but positive relationship with bank performance (P- value > 0.05, P=0.74, R= 0.180) , Audit committee has insignificant but positive impact on financial performance of DMBs (P- value > 0.05, P=0.489, R=0.070) , Gender diversity has insignificant and negative impact on the financial performance of DMBs (P- value > 0.05, P=0.171, R= -0.138), Board size has significant but negative impact on the financial performance of DMBs (P- value < 0.05, P<0.008, R= -0.264) and Audit tenure has insignificant and negative impact (P- value > 0.05, P=0.605, R= -0.052) in the financial performance of Deposit money banks in Nigeria.

Belau Mariam Abolanle, Industrial Relations and Personnel Management - Olabisi Onabanjo University, 2025

The study of employee performance and performance management system is not new in empirical research. However, there is need to examine the link between performance management tools, innovative tools and employee performance in public schools. This study therefore used a case study research design to examine this link by extracting information from 22 teachers and 2 non-teaching staff of Itamerin Comprehensive High School, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State. Tables and simple percentage and ordinal logistic regression are used as method of data analysis. The study finds that performance management system tools that positively significantly impact employee performance are teacher appraisal and evaluation (coefficient = 0.8424, probability = 0.000); goal setting and planning (coefficient = 3.2607, probability = 0.041); feedback mechanism (coefficient = 14.7357, probability = 0.035); monitoring and documentation (coefficient = 0.2898, probability = 0.026) and reward and recognition system (coefficient = 0.1.1166, probability = 0.003). The study further finds that artificial intelligence and adaptive learning (coefficient = 1.2540, probability = 0.005) and digital assessment tools (coefficient = 2.3561, probability = 0.027) positively significantly mediate between performance management system and employee performance. The study concluded that factors that lead to employee performance are teacher appraisal and evaluation, goal setting and planning, feedback mechanism, monitoring and documentation, reward and recognition system. The study recommends that teachers should be encouraged to use artificial intelligence and adaptive learning tools as well as digital assessment tools in order to achieve better performance.

Bello Mariam, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The study aimed to evaluate serum antioxidant levels, specifically catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), among undergraduate medical students experiencing high levels of stress, anxiety and depression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of 188 participants were recruited, with 84 males, and 104 females, aged between 18 and 40 years. Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression showed 6.9%, 33% and 6.9% for the percentage of students with high levels of stress, anxiety and depression respectively; then, 60.6%, 31.9%, 52.7% for normal stress, anxiety and depression respectively. Using independent sample t-tests, the antioxidant levels between normal (students having normal levels of stress, anxiety and depression) and diseased (students having high levels of stress, anxiety and depression) groups were compared. The results showed that while CAT levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p= 0.2706), SOD levels were significantly lower in the diseased group compared to the control group (p= 0.0074). Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between CAT and SOD levels in both groups but a significant and strong negative correlation between stress and CAT levels of the diseased participants. The findings align with previous studies indicating that oxidative stress, as reflected by reduced SOD levels, is associated with psychological stress. These results suggest that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mental health of students, especially those with elevated stress, anxiety and depression.

Salma Muhammad Kabir, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The synthesize of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) resins from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles presents a promising avenue for recycling and sustainability. This study focuses on the chemical recycling of PET bottles, converting them into valuable BHET resins through a glycolysis process. Waste PET bottles were collected, depolymerized using ethylene glycol, producing bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET).The synthesis process was optimized by using six different catalysts (NaOH, Spent FCC, Ammonia, Activated Carbon, Kaolin and DES) to achieve the highest yield and optimal resin properties. Characterization of the synthesized BHET was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the functional group which was then compared with commercial bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The physical properties of the synthesized bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) such as density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were evaluated. Two out of the six catalysts (NaOH and Spent FCC) yielded 13.3 % and 5 % BHET respectively. This was confirmed by FTIR results comparison with commercial BHET which revealed similar functional group peaks. NaOH was found to be the best catalyst for BHET production, with highest yield conversion 94.4 %. Density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity of resulting BHET from NaOH were 1.27 gcm-3, 10.5 Pa.s and 0.11 m2 /s respectively. The results indicate that the BHET synthesized from waste PET bottles exhibits desirable properties for various industrial applications, such as coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Additionally, it portrays the environmental impact of the recycling process, highlighting the reduction in carbon footprint and energy consumption compared to traditional disposal methods. This study demonstrates the feasibility of converting waste PET into high-value materials, contributing to waste reduction and resource conservation.

Maryam Umar Abulfathi, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in developing and developed countries, but about 21% of patients with diabetes develop neuropathy. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on serum electrolytes in Alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic Wistar rats. A total of about thirty six (36) apparently healthy male Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6). Group I normal control group (0.1ml of water), group II standard control group (received Glibenclamide 5mg/kg), group III negative control ( received 500mg Nicotinamide) and group IV treatment group (received 1000mg Nicotinamide), Analysis for serum electrolytes after treatment was done by calorimetric method. The result for the serum electrolytes after treatment shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum sodium level, significant decrease( p < 0.05) In serum potassium level, significant decrease (p <0.05) in chloride level and also significant decrease ( p< 0.05) in serum bicarbonates level when all compare to diabetic (negative) control group. Nicotinamide may be useful in improving the clinical benefit for serum electrolytes changes excluding sodium in diabetes.

Olubodun David Toluwabori, Chemistry - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2024

This study focused on investigating dapsone and its schiff bases as potential antibiotic agents. Oseltamivir is a well-established antibiotic drug used to treat leprosy. However, research on its schiff bases derivatives is limited. This study aimed to characterize these derivatives in terms of their properties and potential as antibiotic agents. A series of ten schiff bases of dapsone were computationally designed and subjected to in-depth analysis. These derivatives were evaluated across multiple parameters including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicological profile, and potential interactions with a biological target. To achieve this, computational methodologies were employed. Computational studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the schiff bases of dapsone as drug candidates. The compounds' electronic properties and reactivity were assessed using the Spartan'14 software package. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were employed for further refinement. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, while ADMET properties and toxicity profiles were predicted using computational tools. Molecular docking simulations against reductase (PDB ID: 1zid) were performed to assess the compounds' potential as antibiotic agents. Several derivatives exhibited promising drug-like properties, acceptable toxicity profiles, and favorable binding affinities to the target protein, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further development. Physicochemical properties including partition coefficient (logP), total energy, dipole moment, and polarizability were computed for the compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties, encompassing absorption (HIA), distribution (including skin permeability and plasma protein binding), metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, were predicted using the Pre-ADMET online platform. Additionally, toxicity endpoints such as LC50 were estimated using the T.E.S.T 4.2 software. This comprehensive approach enabled the identification of key structural features influencing the compounds' behavior and provided insights into their suitability as drug candidates.

Luqman Abdulmumin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) describes procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria, according to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, was 20% as of 2018. This practice carries a lot of health and economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of FGM among residents of Maraban Guga community. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the wards. Selection of houses was done using systemic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. A total of 106 women of reproductive age participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 29 years. Findings reveal that 57.5% of the participants have undergone FGM, 45.3% have practiced it on their daughters, 71.7% have poor knowledge, and 66% have a positive attitude towards FGM; 51.9% of the respondents intend to continue the practice. A significant association was noted between the respondent’s level of education, knowledge, and practice of FGM, as well as between respondents’ FGM status and intention to practice it on future daughters. The study revealed that the prevalence of FGM is high in Maraban-Guga, with a large proportion of participants still willing to subject their future daughters to it. Targeted interventions aimed at addressing wrong beliefs and attitudes regarding the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation against FGM are recommended.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).