Save your final year project.Share your knowledge.

Abdulfatai Ameerah Oluwabukola, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Anhedonia is a prevalent symptom of schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and major depressive disorder (MDD). These illnesses are intimately associated with one another (Orsolini et al., 2020). According to estimates from the World Health Organization, over 264 million individuals globally suffer from depression, with 70–80% of those who receive a diagnosis also experiencing anhedonia. Around 20 million people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia, and 40–60% of cases have anhedonia. Thirty (30) swiss albino mice weighing between 14g-30g were purchased from the animal house, department of pharmaceutical science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The animals were grouped and housed in cages with suitable nesting materials and sawdust bedding. They were fed with grower’s mesh mixed with maize offal as a binder (in a ratio 3:1) and drinking water ad libitum throughout the experiment period. The animals were subjected to Open Space Forced Swim Test (OSFST) intermittently for two (2) weeks with daily administration of required drugs. On day 14, administration stopped and mice were subjected to Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and also Open Field Test (OFT). At the end of neurobehavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed and various biological samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. The aqueous bark extract of cinnamon exhibits an antidepressant-like effect on depressed mice tested with the OSFST and SPT, but it does not significantly impact anxiety behaviors or locomotor activity in the mice subjected to the OFT.

Abdulsamiu Abdulmumeen Adedoyin, Cyber security Science - Bayero University, Kano, 2024

It is critical to safeguard sensitive data and digital assets in today's digitally linked society. But as technology advances, cyberthreats also change, necessitating proactive steps to fortify cybersecurity defenses. Through the use of ethical hacking and penetration testing procedures, this research aims to investigate the ethical aspects of cybersecurity. The problem statement emphasizes how urgent it is to solve digital infrastructure vulnerabilities while negotiating the various ethical and legal issues that arise from cybersecurity testing procedures. To find and reduce possible threats, the study performs thorough security evaluations using the Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES) methodology. We present practical suggestions for improving cybersecurity resilience by carefully using penetration testing and ethical hacking techniques. By using penetration testing and ethical hacking to tackle the issue stated.

Idris Abdulmalik, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Malaria remains a major public health issue in Nigeria, particularly in endemic regions. Despite widespread awareness, gaps persist in knowledge and preventive practices, especially among high-risk groups such as healthcare workers. This study assessed the knowledge, preventive practices, and prevalence of malaria among junior staff at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika-Zaria, to identify gaps and inform targeted interventions. This study assessesed the awareness, preventive strategies, and prevalence of malaria among junior staff at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Shika-Zaria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 junior staff members, selected through stratified sampling. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographics, knowledge, and preventive practices, alongside malaria testing through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with chi-square tests to determine associations at P < 0.05. Most respondents (98%) were aware of malaria, with 84% correctly identifying mosquito bites as the primary transmission route. Common symptoms recognized included headache (74%) and fever (71%). Preventive measures such as mosquito nets (65%), coils (51%), and clearing stagnant water (49%) were frequently reported. However, RDT results revealed a malaria prevalence of 19.2%. Significant associations were found between infection and night shifts (p = 0.013) and stagnant water (p < 0.001). No significant association was observed with any of the sociodemographic factors. While knowledge of malaria was high, gaps in preventive practices and workplace- related risks contributed to ongoing transmission. Recommendations include enhanced education, consistent use of preventive measures, and improved environmental management. Addressing these factors would be critical to reducing malaria burden among healthcare workers.

Saleem Saleh Abubakar, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Shisha smoking, a growing public health concern, is increasingly prevalent among youths in low- and middle-income countries. Despite its association with severe health risks, misconceptions about reduced harm persist. Limited data exist on its use and perception among Nigerian students, necessitating this study. This study assessed the perception, prevalence, and factors influencing shisha use among undergraduate students at Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 315 students of Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected electronically using structured questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 25.0. Ethical approval was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained. The prevalence of shisha use was alarmingly high: 96.7% had ever used shisha, and 86.3% were active users. Key drivers included socialisation (37.9%) and relaxation (35.7%), with 76.2% introduced by peers. Despite 53.3% acknowledging its addictiveness, 34.7% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes. Factors like leisure time with friends (43.8%), boredom (41.0%), and peer influence were significant. Statistically, shisha use correlated with religion (p=0.046), school department (p=0.000), and awareness (p=0.000). Misconceptions and social normalisation of shisha underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include educational campaigns, peer-led initiatives, and stricter regulatory policies to mitigate health risks.

Cletus Harrison Chukwuemeka, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health challenge, particularly among military personnel who are at heightened risk due to factors such as mobility, prolonged separation from spouses, and risky sexual behaviours. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of STIs among military personnel in Basawa Barracks, Nigeria, to identify gaps and inform targeted interventions. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 156 military personnel selected via systematic sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Knowledge, attitude, and perception scores were calculated and categorized based on predefined criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis using SPSS version 25, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. The study revealed that 46.8% of respondents had heard of STIs, with 52% demonstrating high knowledge. However, misconceptions persisted, such as beliefs that lubricants prevent STIs (31.5%) or that alcohol increases STI risk (79.5%). Attitudes were generally positive, with 66% affirming condom use for prevention, yet 33.3% preferred unprotected sex. Risk perception was low, with 51.9% underestimating their susceptibility to STIs. Significant associations were found between knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors like age, education, and marital status (p < 0.05). Military personnel exhibited good knowledge and positive attitudes toward STIs. Misconceptions and low-risk perception highlight the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include comprehensive sexual health education, free condom distribution, and routine testing to address gaps and reduce STI transmission in this high-risk population.

Umar Sha’abagini Aliyu, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Memory is a cognitive process that allows us to encode, store, and retrieve information. Memory impairment, including conditions like dementia, is a growing concern in Nigeria, especially among older adults. According to World Health Organization, the prevalence of dementia in Nigeria varies widely, ranging from 1.1 % to 10.1 %. Cinnamon, a common spice with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have shown exciting neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum on visio-spatial long term memory and antioxidant enzymes on aluminum chloride-treated mice using Morris Water Maze model. Thirty (30) animals weighing (18-28g) were divided into 6 groups of n=5 animals, group I (normal control), group II (Negative control), group III (Cinnamon 100 mg/kg), group IV (Cinnamon 200 mg/kg), group V (Cinnamon 400 mg/kg), group VI (Positive control + Piracetam 100 mg/kg). The animals were subjected to the administration of AlCl3 to cause memory impairment for two weeks and were treated with the administration of Cinnamon and Piracetam for another two weeks. The result obtained showed that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in performance (learning and memory) in MWM between the negative control (AlCl3), normal control and treated groups. Similarly, there was no statistical difference in oxidative stress level (Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione) between all the groups, except for catalase which a significant decrease was found between Cinnamon 400 mg/kg Compared with Negative, normal control and Cinnamon 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, Cinnamon administration does not improve learning and memory in aluminum chloride-treated. However, there was an increase in catalase activity at a dose of 400 mg/kg.

Bilal Mustapha Abubakar, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

AI is a rapidly growing field of modern technology that gained acceptance worldwide. Recently, AI is ingrained into the medical field with applications ranging from diagnosis, investigations, interventions and research. Despite this advancement, AI in healthcare system is still lacking the envisioned acceptance and utilization especially in LMIC. This may be attributed to the prevalence of poor understanding of AI by healthcare workers which may in turn be explained by lack of adequate quality research on the topic that will enlighten the subjects concerned. However, the high attitudes shown by healthcare workers towards AI in medical practice is appealing, and a green light that AI will be accepted with little push in awareness. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and utilization of AI for medical practice by healthcare workers in ABUTH, Zaria. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured selfadministered questionnaire. A total of 146 respondents were sampled using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using Kobotoolbox and analysed using SPSS; results were presented using tables. The mean age of the respondents is 37.7 (±10.1 SD). Majority of the respondents were below 35 years (51.7%). Majority of the respondents (73.5%) were aware of an application of AI in medical practice, with the commonly known being generative AI (eg ChatGPT) (68.7%). Most common source of their information was social media (83.7%). More than half (56.5%) had poor knowledge of AI (ie <50%) in medical practice, and only 2% had good (≥70%) understanding of AI. Most of the respondents (>90%) however, had positive attitude towards AI. 63.9% have used a form of AI or another, and most, in this category, are still using. This study showed how AI application is dependent on the level of knowledge of the healthcare workers on AI and their positive attitudes towards AI. Despite the high proportion of poor knowledge in the field of AI, there is high degree of positive attitudes that implies, adoption of AI in medical practice will be easy if the favorable conditions are met.

Oduniyi Aishat Abisinuola, Nursing Science - Olabisi Onabanjo University, 2025

Family planning, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) enables individuals and couples to achieve their desired number of children, if any, and to determine the spacing between pregnancies and subsequent births. It is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility. Despite high levels of awareness about contraceptives in Nigeria with over 90% of men and women knowing at least one modern method the contraceptive prevalence rate remains low. According to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS, 2018), only 17% of married women aged 15–49 use any form of contraception, with 12% using modern methods. The unmet need for family planning is estimated at 19%, contributing to Nigeria’s persistently high fertility rate and maternal mortality, with the country accounting for 14% of global maternal deaths. A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to obtain information on the determinants of family planning choices among women of childbearing age in Sagamu, Ogun State. Awareness of family planning was high among respondents, with 87.0% reporting that they had heard about it, while only 13.0% had not. However, when satisfaction with different contraceptive types was assessed, just over half (55.0%) expressed satisfaction, while 45.0% were dissatisfied. Knowledge about contraceptive mechanisms and side effects appeared limited. Less than half (45.0%) reported understanding how contraceptives work, while 55.0% did not. Familiarity with specific contraceptive methods varied. The majority were familiar with condoms (66.0%), oral contraceptives (64.0%), intrauterine contraceptive devices (63.0%), and permanent methods (68.0%)

Phidelia Imiegha, International Relations - Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, 2015

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, reputed to be one of the most richly endowed deltas in the world and renowned worldwide for its crude oil, contributes about 80% of Nigeria’s national wealth with its large oil reserves. However, years of political and economic marginalization, environmental degradation, bad governance and policy inconsistency by the government led to the emergence of militancy in the Niger delta in the early 2006.The years of violence in the Niger Delta region prompted several initiatives aimed at addressing the causes of unrest in the region including military suppression. In spite of the contributions of these initiatives, the crisis persisted which points to the fact that the initiatives failed to satisfactorily solve the problems in the Niger Delta. One of the latest attempts to effectively manage the crisis in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was the declaration of amnesty for all militants in the region by the late President of Nigeria, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, on the 25th of June, 2009.The proclamation gave unconditional pardon to all those standing trial for militant activities and those involved in such activities once they gave up their arms and embraced peaceful resolution of the crisis. This study seeks to examine the contents, impacts and challenges of the amnesty and post amnesty programmes to ascertain whether it has been able to completely bring an end to the unrest in the Niger Delta region, and address the problems which birthed militancy. In the course of this study, several secondary sources were used which include: books, journals, reports, magazine and newspaper articles, conference papers, etc. all of which deal on the issues of the Niger Delta crisis, the amnesty programme, socio-political development of Nigeria, peace keeping efforts in Nigeria and a host of other related topics. The study begins by providing a brief history of the Niger Delta Region and examining the factors which led to the rise of militancy in the region, in chapter 1. Chapter 2 looks at the period of militancy in the region. Chapter 3 provides the framework and contents of the amnesty/post amnesty programme, and also looks at the implementation so far. Chapter 4 provides a critique of the programme, while the last chapter, chapter 5, offers recommendations on how some of the challenges plaguing the post amnesty programme can be effectively solved.

Luqman Sulayman Babatunde , Chemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The inhibition potential of Augmentin on Mild Steel in 0.1M of hydrochloric acid was carefully investigated using weight loss method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results showed that the corrosion rate of mild steel in 0.1M of HCl decreases with increase in the concentration of Augmentin drug and the values were in the range of 1.600 × 10-3 to 1.223 × 10-3and the inhibition efficiency increases progressively as the concentration of Augmentin increases which also decreases with increase in temperature. The FTIR results also revealed the high transmittance values obtained from the spectrum confirmed the limited corrosion inhibition potential of Augmentin drug.

Lawson Tolulope Jerry, Pharmacy - University of Ibadan, 2011

Starches obtained from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) were modified by acid hydrolysis and the physicochemical, functional, tableting and pasting properties of the two native starches as well as the modified starches were compared with aim of determining the effects of acid modification on these properties. The results obtained indicate that physicochemical, functional, pasting and compressional properties varied considerably between native and acid-modified cocoyam and sweet potato starches. Acid hydrolysis led to a decrease in amylose content and an increase in moisture content of both starches. Furthermore, acid modification led to a reduction in solubility of both starches while resulting in reduced swelling capacity in cocoyam starch but increased swelling capacity in sweet potato starch. In addition, acid modification led to an increase in compressibility of the starches. Acid modification also led to lower retrogradation and higher viscosity of cocoyam and sweet potato starches. The results indicate that acid modification improved the qualities of cocoyam and sweet potato starches potentially making them applicable to pharmaceutical and other industrial use.

Mikahil Fatimoh Olajumoke, Food Science and Technology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigated the production, proximate composition, and sensory evaluation of chin chin made from composite flour blends of wheat, rice bran, and defatted groundnut flour. The aim was to enhance the nutritional profile of the traditional snack while maintaining sensory acceptability. Proximate analysis revealed significant differences (p ≤0.05) among the samples, with protein content ranging from 10.5 ± 0.25% to 16.50 ± 0.40%, fat content from 11.80 ± 0.45% to15.20± 0.30% , and fiber content from 0.8 ± 0.056% to 3.1± 0.12%. Moisture levels remained low from 6.8± 0.25% to 8.2 ± 0.15%, suggesting good shelf stability, while ash and carbohydrate contents ranged from 1.8 ± 0.10% to 4.3 ± 0.20% and 57.5± 0.56% to 63.5 ± 0.45% respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that samples with up to 20% composite flour substitution (rice bran and defatted groundnut) were comparable to the control in aroma, taste, and overall acceptability. However, higher substitution levels (25–30%) led to declines in color and flavor perception, attributed to darker appearance and slight aftertastes. The study suggest that a 10–20% inclusion of composite flour can enhance the nutritional quality of chin chin without significantly compromising consumer acceptability, offering a viable approach to functional snack development.

Mariam Ajoke Mustapha, Biochemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2024

This study aimed to study the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of leaves and stem bark of Psidium guajava. Phytochemical analysis on leaves and stem bark of the plant revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, steroids and saponins, however Alkaloids was absent in both the stem bark and leaves, coumarin and terpenoids were present in leaves and not in stem bark. Methanol stem bark extract of Psidium guajava had higher saponin content (293.33mg/g), phenolics(272.96mg/g), cardiac glycosides (163.86mg/g), tannins (144.04mg/g), flavonoids (59.39mg/g) and steroid(1.35mg/g) while in the Methanol leaf extract has higher saponins content(524.64mg/g), phenolics(382.40mg/g), tannins(158.92mg/g), flavonoids(56.90mg/g),cardiac glycosides(5.25mg/g) and steroids(1.43mg/g). The antioxidant properties of the leaves (13.25μg/ml) had higher DPPH (2, 2-diphenhyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Radical Scavenging Activity (IC50 value) than stem bark (14.32μg/ml). The IC50 for metal chelating of Psidium guajava, the stem bark (61.95μg/ml) had higher antioxidants activity than the leaves (128.93μg/ml). The ferric reducing activity of Psidium guajava leaf and stem bark showed that the leave had higher antioxidants activity than the stem bark. In conclusion, Psidium guajava leaves have a great capacity to neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress.

Habeeb Oyewumi Oyelami, Chemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The goal of this study is to produce and characterize activated carbon from watermelon seeds, assessing their viability as a sustainable and cost-effective precursor. The activated carbon's physicochemical properties and functional groups of the activated carbon were examined. The moisture content of the activated carbon was found to be moderate at 35 ± 0.003%. The pH was 9.67, and the volatile matter content was 13.2%, suggesting the presence of volatile organic compounds. The bulk density, at 0.275 gcm-3, was reasonably near the optimal range for activated carbon. A high ash content (34.6%) was observed, while the fixed carbon content was relatively low (21.67%). FTIR analysis identified hydroxyl groups (3819 – 3335 cm⁻¹), C–H stretching (2920 – 2850 cm⁻¹), C≡C or CO₂ (2344 cm⁻¹), C=O stretching (1737 cm⁻¹), conjugated C=C double bonds (1600 – 1570 cm⁻¹), and O–H or C–O stretching (1402 – 1249 cm⁻¹). In summary, the successful production and characterization of activated carbon from watermelon seeds was demonstrated, supporting their potential as a precursor. Based on these findings, optimization of the activation process is recommended, along with exploration of specific applications such as water treatment, air purification, agriculture, and energy storage.

Lois Ojochenemi Job, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study was conducted to assess the larval load and developmental period of tomato fruit borers on commonly cultivated tomato varieties in Kano State, Nigeria. The objective was to determine the infestation level of larvae in tomato fruits, identify the species of emerging adult borers, and evaluate their developmental duration under laboratory conditions. Infested and healthy tomato fruits were collected from Yankaba Market and reared in controlled environments. A total of six tomato samples labeled A to F were used to assess larval load, while twenty-five replicates were used for the developmental study, with one larva introduced per tomato. Observational data such as temperature, larval length, number of days to pupation and adult emergence, and survival rates were recorded. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (Chi-square test of Independence) were used to interpret results. Findings revealed that the Roma variety was significantly more susceptible to larval infestation (80%) than the Cherry variety. Six adult moth species were identified, with Helicoverpa armigera being the most dominant. The larval stage had a higher survival rate (58.06%) than the pupal stage (41.94%), and developmental periods varied across species. These results highlight the need for varietal selection and lifecycle-targeted pest control. It is recommended that farmers adopt resistant varieties like Cherry and implement timely control measures during the larval stage to minimize losses.

Salma Muhammad Kabir, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The synthesize of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) resins from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles presents a promising avenue for recycling and sustainability. This study focuses on the chemical recycling of PET bottles, converting them into valuable BHET resins through a glycolysis process. Waste PET bottles were collected, depolymerized using ethylene glycol, producing bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET).The synthesis process was optimized by using six different catalysts (NaOH, Spent FCC, Ammonia, Activated Carbon, Kaolin and DES) to achieve the highest yield and optimal resin properties. Characterization of the synthesized BHET was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the functional group which was then compared with commercial bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The physical properties of the synthesized bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) such as density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were evaluated. Two out of the six catalysts (NaOH and Spent FCC) yielded 13.3 % and 5 % BHET respectively. This was confirmed by FTIR results comparison with commercial BHET which revealed similar functional group peaks. NaOH was found to be the best catalyst for BHET production, with highest yield conversion 94.4 %. Density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity of resulting BHET from NaOH were 1.27 gcm-3, 10.5 Pa.s and 0.11 m2 /s respectively. The results indicate that the BHET synthesized from waste PET bottles exhibits desirable properties for various industrial applications, such as coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Additionally, it portrays the environmental impact of the recycling process, highlighting the reduction in carbon footprint and energy consumption compared to traditional disposal methods. This study demonstrates the feasibility of converting waste PET into high-value materials, contributing to waste reduction and resource conservation.

Maryam Umar Abulfathi, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in developing and developed countries, but about 21% of patients with diabetes develop neuropathy. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on serum electrolytes in Alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic Wistar rats. A total of about thirty six (36) apparently healthy male Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6). Group I normal control group (0.1ml of water), group II standard control group (received Glibenclamide 5mg/kg), group III negative control ( received 500mg Nicotinamide) and group IV treatment group (received 1000mg Nicotinamide), Analysis for serum electrolytes after treatment was done by calorimetric method. The result for the serum electrolytes after treatment shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum sodium level, significant decrease( p < 0.05) In serum potassium level, significant decrease (p <0.05) in chloride level and also significant decrease ( p< 0.05) in serum bicarbonates level when all compare to diabetic (negative) control group. Nicotinamide may be useful in improving the clinical benefit for serum electrolytes changes excluding sodium in diabetes.

Olubodun David Toluwabori, Chemistry - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2024

This study focused on investigating dapsone and its schiff bases as potential antibiotic agents. Oseltamivir is a well-established antibiotic drug used to treat leprosy. However, research on its schiff bases derivatives is limited. This study aimed to characterize these derivatives in terms of their properties and potential as antibiotic agents. A series of ten schiff bases of dapsone were computationally designed and subjected to in-depth analysis. These derivatives were evaluated across multiple parameters including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicological profile, and potential interactions with a biological target. To achieve this, computational methodologies were employed. Computational studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the schiff bases of dapsone as drug candidates. The compounds' electronic properties and reactivity were assessed using the Spartan'14 software package. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were employed for further refinement. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, while ADMET properties and toxicity profiles were predicted using computational tools. Molecular docking simulations against reductase (PDB ID: 1zid) were performed to assess the compounds' potential as antibiotic agents. Several derivatives exhibited promising drug-like properties, acceptable toxicity profiles, and favorable binding affinities to the target protein, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further development. Physicochemical properties including partition coefficient (logP), total energy, dipole moment, and polarizability were computed for the compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties, encompassing absorption (HIA), distribution (including skin permeability and plasma protein binding), metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, were predicted using the Pre-ADMET online platform. Additionally, toxicity endpoints such as LC50 were estimated using the T.E.S.T 4.2 software. This comprehensive approach enabled the identification of key structural features influencing the compounds' behavior and provided insights into their suitability as drug candidates.

Luqman Abdulmumin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) describes procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria, according to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, was 20% as of 2018. This practice carries a lot of health and economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of FGM among residents of Maraban Guga community. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the wards. Selection of houses was done using systemic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. A total of 106 women of reproductive age participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 29 years. Findings reveal that 57.5% of the participants have undergone FGM, 45.3% have practiced it on their daughters, 71.7% have poor knowledge, and 66% have a positive attitude towards FGM; 51.9% of the respondents intend to continue the practice. A significant association was noted between the respondent’s level of education, knowledge, and practice of FGM, as well as between respondents’ FGM status and intention to practice it on future daughters. The study revealed that the prevalence of FGM is high in Maraban-Guga, with a large proportion of participants still willing to subject their future daughters to it. Targeted interventions aimed at addressing wrong beliefs and attitudes regarding the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation against FGM are recommended.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).