Ganiyat Temitope Agbeyewo, Human Anatomy - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Child birth weight is often considered as an indicator of health status of a community. Short stature is linked to a number of negative pregnancy outcomes, while tall women are connected to favorable birth outcomes.

Sumaila Omuya RAIMI, Human Anatomy - Ahmadu Bello University, 2015

This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of peak milk and three crown milk on hyperglycemic male Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) male adult Wistar rats were grouped into five (5) each containing five (5) rats. Groups I - IV were administered cholesterol serially diluted in distilled water and high fat diet ( 50% commercial grower feed, 30% groundnut meal and 20% groundnut oil) for a period of about 8 weeks. For group V which are the negative control group were fed with commercial growers feed without treatment. At the end of the 8 weeks, blood sample was collected from the tip of their tail for confirmation of the induction of hyperglycemia then followed by treatment. Group I were treated with three crown milk and group II were treated with peak milk while group III were treated with standard drug (glibenclamide) for a period of 2 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, both blood and tissues (liver) samples were collected for analysis. The result obtained from the blood analysis were subjected to statistical analysis at (p<0.05) using EZ analyser 3.0 statistical software tool. The result indicate that the peak milk and three crown have anti-hyperglycemic effect at (p <0.05) and both milks have an ameliorative effect on the serum levels of the biochemical parameters: liver enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransminase (p<0.05) and lipid profile; triglyceride, cholesterol, low density level lipoprotein and high density level lipoprotein (p<0.05). The two brands of milk have ameliorative effect on the histomorphology of liver. This effect was shown by the decreased vacuolisation caused by the induction of hyperglycemia.

Aisha ABDULWAHEED, Human Anatomy - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Stress is not a situation or a condition during an adverse condition, as it is generally assumed. In fact, it is a way by which the body overcomes a demanding or undesirable situation. Every day, young and old experience stress at some level. According to the American Psychological Association of Stress (2020), it has been estimated that nearly 2 in 3 adults (65%) are faced with stress. In Drosophila Melanogaster, heat stress can deplete energy level reserves in them. A transient thermal stress can induce a lasting 'memory effect' on body fat storage in Drosophila melanogaster, which can reduce their survivorship. This study was carried out to determine the effect of heat stress at different time ranges on Drosophila melanogaster. Whirlch wild type Drosophila melanogaster was populated and then grouped into four groups with 30 flies of 3 replicate each and were maintained in a plastic vial on standard cornmeal food at 25°C. The control group flies were maintained under normal temperature, while the experimental group flies were induced with 20 mins, 30 mins, and 40 mins heat shock respectively. This experiment lasted for 15 days. We recorded the climbing performance of flies and ran a statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA followed by a post Hoc Tukey test, and we discovered a significant decrease (*p=<0.05) in the climbing performance of flies induced with heat shock compared to the control group, also we observed a significant increase (*p=<0.05) in the MDA level of flies induced with heat shock when compared with the control group. And a significant decrease (*p=<0.05) in the GSH level was observed when compared with that of the control.

Abdulwaris Abdulrasheed, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant known to induce nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the protective effects of Terminalia catappa bark extract on lead-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were divided into four groups: control (distilled water), lead-exposed (90 mg/kg lead acetate), lead + T. catappa (500 mg/kg extract), and T. catappa only. After 21 days, kidney tissues were analyzed histologically. The lead-exposed group exhibited severe tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation, while the T. catappa-treated group showed significant preservation of renal architecture, with reduced necrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that T. catappa bark extract mitigates lead-induced nephrotoxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study supports the potential of T. catappa as a natural therapeutic agent against heavy metal-induced kidney damage, warranting further mechanistic and clinical research.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).