Ponle Bashirat Ayomide, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The study was conducted at the Department of Biological Science Bayero University Kano laboratory which was aimed at studying the effect of Citrus sinensis peel extract on larvae and adult of Culex quinquefasciatu. Citrus sinensis peel was collected from Rijiyar lemo in Kano state and was later processed using standard procedure. The peel was extracted using maceration method. Mosquito larvae was collected from the gutter at female hostel Bayero University Kano and was reared at the laboratory using standard procedure. The adult mosquito was identified using a proper taxonomic guild. Bioassay for the larvae and adult were conducted using procedure. The result of the study indicated that Citrus sinensis peel extracted at 6%w/v concentration recorded the highest mortality of the larvae (44.44%) followed by 4%w/v which also recorded (29.63%) mortality. In conclusion Citrus sinensis peel extract at 6%w/v concentration was most effective in killing mosquito larvae and adult respectively. It is recommended that, encouraging public the benefit of Citrus sinensis peel extract will promote waste recycling and sustainability and as well increasing public awareness and implementation on natural mosquito control methods to reduce mosquito population.

Abdulwaris Abdulrasheed, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant known to induce nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the protective effects of Terminalia catappa bark extract on lead-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were divided into four groups: control (distilled water), lead-exposed (90 mg/kg lead acetate), lead + T. catappa (500 mg/kg extract), and T. catappa only. After 21 days, kidney tissues were analyzed histologically. The lead-exposed group exhibited severe tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation, while the T. catappa-treated group showed significant preservation of renal architecture, with reduced necrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that T. catappa bark extract mitigates lead-induced nephrotoxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study supports the potential of T. catappa as a natural therapeutic agent against heavy metal-induced kidney damage, warranting further mechanistic and clinical research.

Abdulsamiu Abdulmumeen Adedoyin, Cyber security Science - Bayero University, Kano, 2024

It is critical to safeguard sensitive data and digital assets in today's digitally linked society. But as technology advances, cyberthreats also change, necessitating proactive steps to fortify cybersecurity defenses. Through the use of ethical hacking and penetration testing procedures, this research aims to investigate the ethical aspects of cybersecurity. The problem statement emphasizes how urgent it is to solve digital infrastructure vulnerabilities while negotiating the various ethical and legal issues that arise from cybersecurity testing procedures. To find and reduce possible threats, the study performs thorough security evaluations using the Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES) methodology. We present practical suggestions for improving cybersecurity resilience by carefully using penetration testing and ethical hacking techniques. By using penetration testing and ethical hacking to tackle the issue stated.

Luqman Sulayman Babatunde , Chemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The inhibition potential of Augmentin on Mild Steel in 0.1M of hydrochloric acid was carefully investigated using weight loss method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results showed that the corrosion rate of mild steel in 0.1M of HCl decreases with increase in the concentration of Augmentin drug and the values were in the range of 1.600 × 10-3 to 1.223 × 10-3and the inhibition efficiency increases progressively as the concentration of Augmentin increases which also decreases with increase in temperature. The FTIR results also revealed the high transmittance values obtained from the spectrum confirmed the limited corrosion inhibition potential of Augmentin drug.

Mikahil Fatimoh Olajumoke, Food Science and Technology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigated the production, proximate composition, and sensory evaluation of chin chin made from composite flour blends of wheat, rice bran, and defatted groundnut flour. The aim was to enhance the nutritional profile of the traditional snack while maintaining sensory acceptability. Proximate analysis revealed significant differences (p ≤0.05) among the samples, with protein content ranging from 10.5 ± 0.25% to 16.50 ± 0.40%, fat content from 11.80 ± 0.45% to15.20± 0.30% , and fiber content from 0.8 ± 0.056% to 3.1± 0.12%. Moisture levels remained low from 6.8± 0.25% to 8.2 ± 0.15%, suggesting good shelf stability, while ash and carbohydrate contents ranged from 1.8 ± 0.10% to 4.3 ± 0.20% and 57.5± 0.56% to 63.5 ± 0.45% respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that samples with up to 20% composite flour substitution (rice bran and defatted groundnut) were comparable to the control in aroma, taste, and overall acceptability. However, higher substitution levels (25–30%) led to declines in color and flavor perception, attributed to darker appearance and slight aftertastes. The study suggest that a 10–20% inclusion of composite flour can enhance the nutritional quality of chin chin without significantly compromising consumer acceptability, offering a viable approach to functional snack development.

Mariam Ajoke Mustapha, Biochemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2024

This study aimed to study the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of leaves and stem bark of Psidium guajava. Phytochemical analysis on leaves and stem bark of the plant revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, steroids and saponins, however Alkaloids was absent in both the stem bark and leaves, coumarin and terpenoids were present in leaves and not in stem bark. Methanol stem bark extract of Psidium guajava had higher saponin content (293.33mg/g), phenolics(272.96mg/g), cardiac glycosides (163.86mg/g), tannins (144.04mg/g), flavonoids (59.39mg/g) and steroid(1.35mg/g) while in the Methanol leaf extract has higher saponins content(524.64mg/g), phenolics(382.40mg/g), tannins(158.92mg/g), flavonoids(56.90mg/g),cardiac glycosides(5.25mg/g) and steroids(1.43mg/g). The antioxidant properties of the leaves (13.25μg/ml) had higher DPPH (2, 2-diphenhyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Radical Scavenging Activity (IC50 value) than stem bark (14.32μg/ml). The IC50 for metal chelating of Psidium guajava, the stem bark (61.95μg/ml) had higher antioxidants activity than the leaves (128.93μg/ml). The ferric reducing activity of Psidium guajava leaf and stem bark showed that the leave had higher antioxidants activity than the stem bark. In conclusion, Psidium guajava leaves have a great capacity to neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress.

Habeeb Oyewumi Oyelami, Chemistry - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The goal of this study is to produce and characterize activated carbon from watermelon seeds, assessing their viability as a sustainable and cost-effective precursor. The activated carbon's physicochemical properties and functional groups of the activated carbon were examined. The moisture content of the activated carbon was found to be moderate at 35 ± 0.003%. The pH was 9.67, and the volatile matter content was 13.2%, suggesting the presence of volatile organic compounds. The bulk density, at 0.275 gcm-3, was reasonably near the optimal range for activated carbon. A high ash content (34.6%) was observed, while the fixed carbon content was relatively low (21.67%). FTIR analysis identified hydroxyl groups (3819 – 3335 cm⁻¹), C–H stretching (2920 – 2850 cm⁻¹), C≡C or CO₂ (2344 cm⁻¹), C=O stretching (1737 cm⁻¹), conjugated C=C double bonds (1600 – 1570 cm⁻¹), and O–H or C–O stretching (1402 – 1249 cm⁻¹). In summary, the successful production and characterization of activated carbon from watermelon seeds was demonstrated, supporting their potential as a precursor. Based on these findings, optimization of the activation process is recommended, along with exploration of specific applications such as water treatment, air purification, agriculture, and energy storage.

Lois Ojochenemi Job, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study was conducted to assess the larval load and developmental period of tomato fruit borers on commonly cultivated tomato varieties in Kano State, Nigeria. The objective was to determine the infestation level of larvae in tomato fruits, identify the species of emerging adult borers, and evaluate their developmental duration under laboratory conditions. Infested and healthy tomato fruits were collected from Yankaba Market and reared in controlled environments. A total of six tomato samples labeled A to F were used to assess larval load, while twenty-five replicates were used for the developmental study, with one larva introduced per tomato. Observational data such as temperature, larval length, number of days to pupation and adult emergence, and survival rates were recorded. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (Chi-square test of Independence) were used to interpret results. Findings revealed that the Roma variety was significantly more susceptible to larval infestation (80%) than the Cherry variety. Six adult moth species were identified, with Helicoverpa armigera being the most dominant. The larval stage had a higher survival rate (58.06%) than the pupal stage (41.94%), and developmental periods varied across species. These results highlight the need for varietal selection and lifecycle-targeted pest control. It is recommended that farmers adopt resistant varieties like Cherry and implement timely control measures during the larval stage to minimize losses.

Mubarak Aladodo, Petroleum Engineering - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The exploration and development phase of the oil and gas in the industry is primarily contingent on the drilling of successful holes. However, water based drilling fluids are critical for the efficient and safe drilling operations. This investigation explores the potential of utilizing locally and biodegradable additives– gum Arabic and eggshell powder as additives to enhance the rheology and weighing effect of the drilling fluid formulation. Gum Arabic, a natural hydrocolloid, is examined of its effects basically on plastic viscosity and yield point which are crucial parameters for the rheology of drilling fluid. Consequently, the study evaluates the effect of eggshell powder, primarily composed of CaCO3 on the density of the WBM. The investigation, furthermore examines the synergetic effect of the combined local additives. The Gum Arabic was realized to improve rheological properties but with decreased density and pH. The eggshell powder reasonably effects the weight of the formulated mud. Notably, the combination of gum Arabic and eggshell powder exhibited a synergistic effect, increasing density and pH compared to gum Arabic alone while maintaining reasonable rheology. This suggests particularly that locally sourced eggshell powder has potential as a two- actions additive in water-based drilling fluid, promisingly to offer benefits in terms of cost and environmental impact.

Akinsete Bolaji Hezekiah, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Zoonotic diseases, transmissible from animals to humans, represent a significant public health threat, particularly in abattoir environments where close contact with livestock is routine. This study assessed the prevalence of four key zoonotic diseases—Bovine Tuberculosis, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, and Cysticercosis—among animals slaughtered at the Kano State Central Abattoir. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving the collection and laboratory analysis of blood and tissue samples from 50 animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. The results revealed Bovine Tuberculosis as the most prevalent infection (30%), followed by Brucellosis (26.7%), Salmonellosis (23.3%), and Cysticercosis (20%). Cattle accounted for the highest infection rates across all diseases, though infections were also detected in other species. The findings highlight serious gaps in abattoir hygiene, inspection practices, and worker awareness, all of which facilitate the persistence and transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The study recommends stricter veterinary oversight, improved sanitation protocols, and integrated One Health strategies to minimize public health risks associated with meat production in Nigeria.

Precious Folakemi Adeyeye, Agricultural Science - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study examined gender mainstreaming and inclusiveness in access to productive resources among smallholder farmers in Tudun Wada Local Government Area of Kano State, using the Harvard Analytical Framework. Specifically, it analyzed the gendered division of labor, disparities in access to and control over productive resources, and the socio-cultural, economic, political, and institutional factors influencing these disparities. Data were collected from 70 smallholder farmers through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results revealed significant gender-based inequalities. Men dominated key productive activities such as land preparation (70%), plowing (83%), and fertilizer application (77%), while women were more involved in weeding (70%), irrigation (61%), and packaging (74%). Only 20% of women participated in farming-related decision-making. Access to critical resources also reflected disparities: just 16% of women had access to credit compared to 40% of men, and only 7% had access to extension services compared to 33% of men. Control over land, inputs, markets, and credit was also skewed in favor of men. Socio-cultural norms, such as discriminatory inheritance practices and community beliefs about women’s roles, alongside economic constraints, policy gaps, and institutional bias, were identified as key factors contributing to these disparities. The study concludes that addressing gender inequality in agriculture requires targeted interventions. Recommendations include promoting land reforms, expanding women’s access to credit and training, implementing gender-responsive extension services, ensuring inclusive cooperatives, and engaging communities to transform harmful gender norms.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).

Hameeda Abdulsalam, Taxation - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This paper examines the Office of the Tax Ombud as a mechanism for protecting taxpayers’ rights and promoting fairness in tax administration, with particular focus on Nigeria. It traces the origin and functions of the tax ombud in comparative jurisdictions and analyses its relevance to Nigeria’s tax system. The paper highlights potential benefits, legal foundations, and operational challenges, offering recommendations for effective implementation. It is useful to students, researchers, policymakers, and tax administrators.

Amina Kudu Mohammed, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2026

Dermestes maculatus are major insect pest of dried fish, causing significant loss in weight of fish and quality. This study was conducted at the department of Biological sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from December, 2025 to March, 2026 with the aim of investigating the efficacy of leaves of three plants (Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf), Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf), Cymbogon citratus (Lemon grass)) as extracts in their control. The mortality of adult Dermestes maculatus by Cymbogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina were the three main objectives guiding this work. The leaf samples of Cymbogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina were collected around the residential areas of BUK old campus. The leaves were washed, air dried and macerated into powder which is then soaked in ethanol for 24 hours. The material is filtered and then evaporated. The resulting solution was used for bioassay at varying amounts to obtain different concentration. The insect first colony used for the experiment was obtained from a market in Gwale LGA of Kano and were identified using appropriate taxonomic keys. Adults from the colony were reared in kilner jars for two weeks and provided water soaked cotton wool to aid oviposition and newly emerged adults of new colony are obtained for the bioassay of the experiment. The results indicated that Cymbogon citratus evoked highest mean mortality of (2.00±0.00) at 10% after 96 hours and the lowest mean mortality (0.33±0.33) at 20% after 24 hours. The results also indicated that Verrnonia amygdalina recorded least mean mortality 0f (0.33±0.33) at 10% concentration after 48 hours, while the highest mortality for V. amygdalina was recorded at (1.67±0.33) at 20% after 96 hours. Ocimum gratissimum evoked least mean mortality of (0.33±0.00) at 5% after 72 hours and highest mortality of (2.00±0.00) at 20% after 96 hours. The results also indicated that the efficacy of the extracts was dose and time dependent. The study concludes that the extracts of Cymbogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina are effective in the control of adult Dermestes maculatus. The study recommends further research to isolate active compounds from the plants in order to identify the bio agent for insecticidal activity, and developing them as biopesticides. The study also recommends the use of the plant extracts Cymbogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina of as biopesticides.

Mustapha Hadiza onyinoyiza, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2026

This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of ectoparasites in two female student hostels, Nana Hall and Ramat Hall, at Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. A comparative cross-sectional study design was adopted, and a total of 120 rooms were randomly selected and inspected, with 60 rooms from each hostel. Data were collected through direct visual inspection of rooms and identification of ectoparasites based on morphological characteristics. The study identified five major ectoparasites: bedbugs, lice, ticks, fleas, and mites. The results revealed a high overall prevalence of infestation (89.2%) across both hostels, with Ramat Hall recording a slightly higher prevalence (90.0%) compared to Nana Hall (88.3%). Bedbugs were the most predominant ectoparasite in both hostels, accounting for the highest proportion of infestation, followed by lice, while ticks, fleas, and mites occurred in lower proportions. Ramat Hall also exhibited a higher parasite burden with greater total counts and mean parasite density per room. Chi-square analysis (χ² = 0.10, p > 0.05) indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation between the two hostels. This suggests that infestation levels in both hostels are similarly high and widespread. The high prevalence observed in this study highlights the need for improved sanitation, regular monitoring, and effective pest control measures in university hostels. Increased awareness among students and better hostel management practices are recommended to reduce infestation and improve student health and well-being.