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Segun Elegbede and Rasheed Ibrahim, Biochemistry - Kwara State University, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from a defect in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. Free radical and oxidative stress generated in hyperglycaemic state induce various diabetic complications. Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) is one of naturally occurring antioxidants which can acts as an osmolyte or as a methyl donor. This study was design to evaluate the antioxidant Activity of Betaine In the Kidney Of High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. A total of 25 wistar rats were used in this study. All animal except the control rats were induced with diabetes mellitus using High fat diet and a single intraperitoneal injection of 35mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin freshly prepared in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Hyperglycaemia was confirmed 48 hours after induction and treatments commenced by oral administration using an intubator as follows; Control (Group 1) and diabetic untreated (Group 2) were administered 1ml of distilled water, Group 3,4 and 5 were administered 14.3 mg/kg body weight of metformin, 25 and 50mg/kg body weight of betaine respectively. Administration lasted for a week during which blood glucose level was checked every 72hrs. The animals were thereafter sacrificed by jugular puncture under anaesthesia by diethyl ether, the kidney was collected by abdominal incision and the homogenate was prepared. Biochemical parameters were assayed using standard methods. The activities of Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-s-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione concentration which were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced was reversed by treatments with betaine at 25 and 50mg/kg body weight respectively. The result obtained from this study indicated that betaine at 25mg/kg body weight possesses antioxidant activity and can be used to manage oxidative stress in diabetic state

Otite Osekavwebor, Optometry - University of Benin, 2023

Diabetes is a major cause of vision loss globally. Even before the development of diabetic retinopathy, diabetes is known to cause reduction in vision (Chous et al., 2015). Increased IOP is known to be associated with optic nerve damage such as glaucoma, and among diabetics, increase in IOP is a common ocular finding. Contrast sensitivity is the ability to see details at low contrast levels which is important for everyday visual function and low contrast sensitivity increases risk of falls and other accidents. Reduction in contrast sensitivity has been observed in diabetic mice. The aim of this study is to compare the IOP values of diabetic patients with those non-diabetic subjects. Also to compare the contrast sensitivity of diabetic patients with those of non-diabetic subjects. This study was carried out on 60 subjects aged 18 -65 years, of which 30 were diabetic with a mean age of 53.5 years, and 30 non-diabetic with a mean age of 36 years. The results from this study showed the mean IOP for diabetic group to be 2.98mmHg higher than the non-diabetic group; While the contrast sensitivity results showed the contrast sensitivity for the diabetic group to be 0.27(logCS) lower than the non-diabetic group. The analyzed results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the IOP values of both groups and a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the contrast sensitivity of both groups. This study helps clarify that there is any significant difference in the values of IOP and Contrast sensitivity for diabetic and non-diabetic persons.

Mubarak Aladodo, Petroleum Engineering - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The exploration and development phase of the oil and gas in the industry is primarily contingent on the drilling of successful holes. However, water based drilling fluids are critical for the efficient and safe drilling operations. This investigation explores the potential of utilizing locally and biodegradable additives– gum Arabic and eggshell powder as additives to enhance the rheology and weighing effect of the drilling fluid formulation. Gum Arabic, a natural hydrocolloid, is examined of its effects basically on plastic viscosity and yield point which are crucial parameters for the rheology of drilling fluid. Consequently, the study evaluates the effect of eggshell powder, primarily composed of CaCO3 on the density of the WBM. The investigation, furthermore examines the synergetic effect of the combined local additives. The Gum Arabic was realized to improve rheological properties but with decreased density and pH. The eggshell powder reasonably effects the weight of the formulated mud. Notably, the combination of gum Arabic and eggshell powder exhibited a synergistic effect, increasing density and pH compared to gum Arabic alone while maintaining reasonable rheology. This suggests particularly that locally sourced eggshell powder has potential as a two- actions additive in water-based drilling fluid, promisingly to offer benefits in terms of cost and environmental impact.

Karimah Abdul-Karim Oseni, Public Administration - Edo State University Uzairue, 2025

This study examined the assessment of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and patient satisfaction in Edo State University Teaching Hospital, Uzairue, Auchi, Edo State. The basic objective of this research is to assess the impact of HRM practices on patient satisfaction in Edo State University Teaching Hospital (EDSUTH).A descriptive survey research design was used for the study, and data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The questionnaire was the main instrument used in collecting data from the respondents, while the secondary data collected for this study were from journals, existing literature, and internet sources. The data collected was analysed by use of simple percentages, while Chi-square (X²) was used to test the hypotheses formulated for validity. The findings of this study show that improving HRM practices will enhance patient satisfaction in EDSUTH. From the findings, the study concluded that HRM practices currently implemented in EDSUTH somehow have a significant impact on patient satisfaction, while recruitment appears satisfactory, other areas such as remuneration, staff motivation, and communication require attention. The study recommends that the hospital administration invest in continuous staff training, enhance performance appraisal mechanisms, and implement patient-centred strategies to reduce delays and improve service quality.

Okhaimho Miracle Emhoshioriamhe, Nursing Science - Edo State University Uzairue, 2025

Having a Rh-negative blood type is not an illness and usually does not affect one’s health. However, it could pose a serious challenge among couples that are not compatible especially in pregnancy. This study was done to assess the knowledge of rhesus incompatibility and prevention practices among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Edo University Teaching Hospital, Auchi, Edo State. Three objectives were formulated for the study. Extensive literature was reviewed based on conceptual, theoretical and empirical review. A descriptive research design was used for the study. A sample size of 108 was selected using convenient probability sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a self-structured opened and closed ended questionnaire with four sections which was designed to reflect the variables to be examined. Data collected was analyzed and presented using frequency tables and percentages. Based on the findings it was revealed that majority of the respondents have heard about blood grouping. It also revealed that 8(7.4%) have not heard about Rhesus factor while majority have heard about it before. Most of the respondents knew their blood group. The analysis of the preventive practices of the respondents towards rhesus incompatibility shows that more than half of the respondents had never heard about Anti-D given to rhesus negative women married to rhesus positive men to prevent pregnancy complications and most agreed rhesus factor investigations should be done before marriage. The analysis on the factors affecting prevention practices towards rhesus incompatibility shows that majority of the respondents believes that receiving information about Rhesus incompatibility during antenatal care is important, while others think it somehow important to receiving information about Rhesus incompatibility during antenatal care. It was recommended to educate pregnant women on rhesus incompatibility, provide free lab tests for women.

Abdulmalik Stephanie Faridat, Public Administration - Edo State University Uzairue, 2025

This study accesses the impact of social policies on poverty reduction in Uzairue, Etsako West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria, from 2014 to 2024. Despite various policy interventions aimed at alleviating poverty in Nigeria, including Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), Government Enterprise and Empowerment Programme (GEEP), and community-based development programs, Uzairue continues to experience widespread poverty. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 300 questionnaire responses with qualitative insights from interviews conducted with 20 community members. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure diverse representation, and data were analyzed using statistical (Chi-square) tool and thematic techniques. Findings reveal that while social policies have provided modest improvements in household income, youth empowerment, and education access, significant implementation challenges remain, including poor infrastructure, limited stakeholder engagement, corruption and weak institutional capacity. The study concludes that for social policy to effectively reduce poverty, it must be context-specific, transparent, inclusive, and supported by adequate infrastructure and governance structures. Recommendations include expanding successful programs, improving policy delivery mechanisms, enhancing community involvement, and fostering partnerships with NGOs and international agencies to ensure sustainable development outcomes.

Akinsete Bolaji Hezekiah, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Zoonotic diseases, transmissible from animals to humans, represent a significant public health threat, particularly in abattoir environments where close contact with livestock is routine. This study assessed the prevalence of four key zoonotic diseases—Bovine Tuberculosis, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, and Cysticercosis—among animals slaughtered at the Kano State Central Abattoir. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving the collection and laboratory analysis of blood and tissue samples from 50 animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. The results revealed Bovine Tuberculosis as the most prevalent infection (30%), followed by Brucellosis (26.7%), Salmonellosis (23.3%), and Cysticercosis (20%). Cattle accounted for the highest infection rates across all diseases, though infections were also detected in other species. The findings highlight serious gaps in abattoir hygiene, inspection practices, and worker awareness, all of which facilitate the persistence and transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The study recommends stricter veterinary oversight, improved sanitation protocols, and integrated One Health strategies to minimize public health risks associated with meat production in Nigeria.

Oyinkansola Okeowo and Emmanuel Ajani, Biochemistry - Kwara State University, 2024

Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Bean stem back) has been reported to possess various bioactivecompounds, including antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anti- inflammatory agents. These properties make it a potential candidate for protecting cardiac injury . This Study investigated the effect of Parka biglobossa ethanolic stem bark on cardiac injury in L-Nitro arginine methyl ester-administered rats. The dried stem bark of Parkia biglobossa was extracted by maceration in ethanol. The filtrates were lyophilized and used for in-vivo study. Forty eight rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 8 rats each: normal control, model, positive, prevention, treatment and recovery group. L-NAME was used to induce hypertension to the rats, lisinopril, and ethanolic extract were administered orally. The rats were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anaesthetization. Hearts were extracted via stomach incision. mashed with mortal and pestle then centrifuged at 3000rpm for 15 minutes. cardiac biomarkers, including Serum Total Cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, Creatine kinase-MB, Serum lactate dehydrogenase activities All results were presented as the mean+standard error of mean (SEM) for all animals in each groups. The statistical results were evaluated using one way ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis using duncan multiple comparism test using Graphpad Prism software version 8.0.2. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. also determined; Heart: body weight ratio and Histology. The results showed that the African locust bean may have cardiac and hypertensive properties in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by mitigating hypertension caused by L-NAME as well as a significant increased in the biomarkers.

Abiodun Samuel Oluwatomiloba, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

The expression of ABO and Rhesus blood group antigens on various human cells presents a compelling area of research beyond transfusion medicine. Globally, adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) remain a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While some studies have explored the potential link between maternal blood group and APOs, the findings have been inconsistent and contradictory, necessitating further investigation in diverse populations. This study aimed to determine the association between maternal blood group and pregnancy outcomes among postpartum women in the Zaria community, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. A sample of 76 postpartum women was recruited from four selected healthcare facilities in Zaria metropolis using a stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages, while the Chi-square test was used to determine associations, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. The mean age of the respondents was 25.91 ± 4.55 years. Blood group O (82.9%) and Rhesus positive (92.1%) were the most prevalent. The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between ABO blood group and the occurrence of miscarriage/stillbirth (p=0.007), severe anaemia (p=0.004), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (p<0.001). Women with non-O blood groups (particularly A and AB) demonstrated a higher risk for these complications. Furthermore, both ABO and Rhesus blood groups showed a significant association with the duration of labour. However, no significant relationship was observed between the Rhesus factor and other specific APOs. The study concludes that maternal ABO blood group is significantly associated with specific adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, severe anaemia, and hypertensive disorders, among postpartum women in Zaria.

Precious Folakemi Adeyeye, Agricultural Science - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study examined gender mainstreaming and inclusiveness in access to productive resources among smallholder farmers in Tudun Wada Local Government Area of Kano State, using the Harvard Analytical Framework. Specifically, it analyzed the gendered division of labor, disparities in access to and control over productive resources, and the socio-cultural, economic, political, and institutional factors influencing these disparities. Data were collected from 70 smallholder farmers through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results revealed significant gender-based inequalities. Men dominated key productive activities such as land preparation (70%), plowing (83%), and fertilizer application (77%), while women were more involved in weeding (70%), irrigation (61%), and packaging (74%). Only 20% of women participated in farming-related decision-making. Access to critical resources also reflected disparities: just 16% of women had access to credit compared to 40% of men, and only 7% had access to extension services compared to 33% of men. Control over land, inputs, markets, and credit was also skewed in favor of men. Socio-cultural norms, such as discriminatory inheritance practices and community beliefs about women’s roles, alongside economic constraints, policy gaps, and institutional bias, were identified as key factors contributing to these disparities. The study concludes that addressing gender inequality in agriculture requires targeted interventions. Recommendations include promoting land reforms, expanding women’s access to credit and training, implementing gender-responsive extension services, ensuring inclusive cooperatives, and engaging communities to transform harmful gender norms.

Muhammad Aisha Ahmad, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Substance use and abuse remain one of the major global public health challenges. Globally, more than a quarter (26.5%) of all 15-19year olds are current drinkers amounting to 155 million adolescents, most of whom are males. In Nigeria, over 30 million are adolescents and about a third of the total population of Nigerians are 10 – 24 years old.2 In Northern Nigeria, 21% of secondary school adolescents in Kaduna state were into substance abuse with the foremost age group of initiation being 5-9 years. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A sample of 191 was the study sample size. A multi-stage sampling technique comprising four stages was adopted. A well- structured, interviewer-administered, pre-coded questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics was done for the socio-demographic characteristics and categorical variables using simple frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi square or Fischer exact test to test the significance of association between the independent and dependent variables at p < 0.05 level of significance. The mean age of respondents was 17.13 years (±1.65). Tobacco was the most used substance (70.2%), followed by marijuana (31.4%) then alcohol (17.3%), substance use was mostly daily (32.5%), often with friends (63.4%). Main reasons included stress relief (55.0%), curiosity (26.2%), and enjoyment (23.6%). Also, age, gender, education level, and family income were significantly linked to substance use patterns (p < 0.05). The study revealed that substance abuse is prevalent among adolescents in Samaru, Sabon Gari LGA, with tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol being the most commonly used. Usage was frequent, mostly influenced by peers, stress, and curiosity, with many adolescents continuing despite the risks. Key contributing factors included peer pressure, family influence, easy access, and mental health challenges. Socio-demographic factors such ix as age, gender, education level, and family income significantly influenced usage patterns. It was recommended among others that: given that most adolescents obtained substances from peers and used them in social settings, peer-led interventions, life skills training, and behavioral counseling should be integrated into secondary school curricula to help adolescents resist peer pressure.

Ibrahim Abdulbasit Olawale, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Access to healthcare is vital to university students, as it impacts their well-being and academic success. The lack of quality care and gross dissatisfaction of students with care at any university’s medical centre can result in delayed or avoided healthcare seeking behaviour, increased self- medication and significant mental health impact, which can ultimately affect students’ academic performances. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and satisfaction with care received at Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre (ABUMC) among undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured, pre-coded electronic questionnaire administered via KoboToolbox®. A multistage sampling technique selected 290 undergraduate students across 10 departments who had visited ABUMC. Data were collected over two weeks in March 2025 and analysed using the IBM SPSS version 27. Results were presented in tables, with associations tested at a p≤0.05 significance level. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. The mean age of respondents was 22.91±3.117 years, with 166 (57.2%) male and 169 (58.3%) aged 20-24 years. Of the 290 respondents, only 97 (33.4%) perceived the quality of care as good (≥60%), with 193 (66.6%) rating it poor, citing long waiting times (198, 68.2%), inadequate drug availability (183, 63.1%), and staff shortages (159, 54.8%). Satisfaction was low, with 56.6% dissatisfied (<60%), despite 50% reporting symptom relief. Key areas of concern included poor staff attitude (140, 48.3%) and lack of emotional support (138, 47.6%). Significant factors influencing satisfaction included waiting time (p=0.0001), staff attitude (p=0.0001), drug availability (p=0.0001), and privacy (p=0.001). Perception of quality strongly correlated with satisfaction (p=0.0001), with 87 (89.7%) of those perceiving good quality being satisfied. Course of study (p=0.020) and level of study (p=0.008) were also significantly associated with satisfaction. Students at ABUMC largely perceive care quality as poor and report low satisfaction, driven by prolonged waiting times, drug shortages, and suboptimal staff interactions. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including increased staffing, improved drug supply, and staff training, to enhance service delivery and meet students’ healthcare needs effectively.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).

Luqman Abdulmumin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) describes procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria, according to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, was 20% as of 2018. This practice carries a lot of health and economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of FGM among residents of Maraban Guga community. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the wards. Selection of houses was done using systemic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. A total of 106 women of reproductive age participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 29 years. Findings reveal that 57.5% of the participants have undergone FGM, 45.3% have practiced it on their daughters, 71.7% have poor knowledge, and 66% have a positive attitude towards FGM; 51.9% of the respondents intend to continue the practice. A significant association was noted between the respondent’s level of education, knowledge, and practice of FGM, as well as between respondents’ FGM status and intention to practice it on future daughters. The study revealed that the prevalence of FGM is high in Maraban-Guga, with a large proportion of participants still willing to subject their future daughters to it. Targeted interventions aimed at addressing wrong beliefs and attitudes regarding the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation against FGM are recommended.

Olubodun David Toluwabori, Chemistry - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2024

This study focused on investigating dapsone and its schiff bases as potential antibiotic agents. Oseltamivir is a well-established antibiotic drug used to treat leprosy. However, research on its schiff bases derivatives is limited. This study aimed to characterize these derivatives in terms of their properties and potential as antibiotic agents. A series of ten schiff bases of dapsone were computationally designed and subjected to in-depth analysis. These derivatives were evaluated across multiple parameters including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicological profile, and potential interactions with a biological target. To achieve this, computational methodologies were employed. Computational studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the schiff bases of dapsone as drug candidates. The compounds' electronic properties and reactivity were assessed using the Spartan'14 software package. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were employed for further refinement. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, while ADMET properties and toxicity profiles were predicted using computational tools. Molecular docking simulations against reductase (PDB ID: 1zid) were performed to assess the compounds' potential as antibiotic agents. Several derivatives exhibited promising drug-like properties, acceptable toxicity profiles, and favorable binding affinities to the target protein, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further development. Physicochemical properties including partition coefficient (logP), total energy, dipole moment, and polarizability were computed for the compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties, encompassing absorption (HIA), distribution (including skin permeability and plasma protein binding), metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, were predicted using the Pre-ADMET online platform. Additionally, toxicity endpoints such as LC50 were estimated using the T.E.S.T 4.2 software. This comprehensive approach enabled the identification of key structural features influencing the compounds' behavior and provided insights into their suitability as drug candidates.

Salma Muhammad Kabir, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The synthesize of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) resins from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles presents a promising avenue for recycling and sustainability. This study focuses on the chemical recycling of PET bottles, converting them into valuable BHET resins through a glycolysis process. Waste PET bottles were collected, depolymerized using ethylene glycol, producing bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET).The synthesis process was optimized by using six different catalysts (NaOH, Spent FCC, Ammonia, Activated Carbon, Kaolin and DES) to achieve the highest yield and optimal resin properties. Characterization of the synthesized BHET was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the functional group which was then compared with commercial bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The physical properties of the synthesized bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) such as density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were evaluated. Two out of the six catalysts (NaOH and Spent FCC) yielded 13.3 % and 5 % BHET respectively. This was confirmed by FTIR results comparison with commercial BHET which revealed similar functional group peaks. NaOH was found to be the best catalyst for BHET production, with highest yield conversion 94.4 %. Density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity of resulting BHET from NaOH were 1.27 gcm-3, 10.5 Pa.s and 0.11 m2 /s respectively. The results indicate that the BHET synthesized from waste PET bottles exhibits desirable properties for various industrial applications, such as coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Additionally, it portrays the environmental impact of the recycling process, highlighting the reduction in carbon footprint and energy consumption compared to traditional disposal methods. This study demonstrates the feasibility of converting waste PET into high-value materials, contributing to waste reduction and resource conservation.

Maryam Umar Abulfathi, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in developing and developed countries, but about 21% of patients with diabetes develop neuropathy. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on serum electrolytes in Alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathic Wistar rats. A total of about thirty six (36) apparently healthy male Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6). Group I normal control group (0.1ml of water), group II standard control group (received Glibenclamide 5mg/kg), group III negative control ( received 500mg Nicotinamide) and group IV treatment group (received 1000mg Nicotinamide), Analysis for serum electrolytes after treatment was done by calorimetric method. The result for the serum electrolytes after treatment shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum sodium level, significant decrease( p < 0.05) In serum potassium level, significant decrease (p <0.05) in chloride level and also significant decrease ( p< 0.05) in serum bicarbonates level when all compare to diabetic (negative) control group. Nicotinamide may be useful in improving the clinical benefit for serum electrolytes changes excluding sodium in diabetes.

Olubodun David Toluwabori, Chemistry - Obafemi Awolowo University, 2024

This study focused on investigating dapsone and its schiff bases as potential antibiotic agents. Oseltamivir is a well-established antibiotic drug used to treat leprosy. However, research on its schiff bases derivatives is limited. This study aimed to characterize these derivatives in terms of their properties and potential as antibiotic agents. A series of ten schiff bases of dapsone were computationally designed and subjected to in-depth analysis. These derivatives were evaluated across multiple parameters including physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicological profile, and potential interactions with a biological target. To achieve this, computational methodologies were employed. Computational studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the schiff bases of dapsone as drug candidates. The compounds' electronic properties and reactivity were assessed using the Spartan'14 software package. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level were employed for further refinement. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, while ADMET properties and toxicity profiles were predicted using computational tools. Molecular docking simulations against reductase (PDB ID: 1zid) were performed to assess the compounds' potential as antibiotic agents. Several derivatives exhibited promising drug-like properties, acceptable toxicity profiles, and favorable binding affinities to the target protein, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further development. Physicochemical properties including partition coefficient (logP), total energy, dipole moment, and polarizability were computed for the compounds. Pharmacokinetic properties, encompassing absorption (HIA), distribution (including skin permeability and plasma protein binding), metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, were predicted using the Pre-ADMET online platform. Additionally, toxicity endpoints such as LC50 were estimated using the T.E.S.T 4.2 software. This comprehensive approach enabled the identification of key structural features influencing the compounds' behavior and provided insights into their suitability as drug candidates.

Luqman Abdulmumin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM) describes procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria, according to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, was 20% as of 2018. This practice carries a lot of health and economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of FGM among residents of Maraban Guga community. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the wards. Selection of houses was done using systemic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. A total of 106 women of reproductive age participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 29 years. Findings reveal that 57.5% of the participants have undergone FGM, 45.3% have practiced it on their daughters, 71.7% have poor knowledge, and 66% have a positive attitude towards FGM; 51.9% of the respondents intend to continue the practice. A significant association was noted between the respondent’s level of education, knowledge, and practice of FGM, as well as between respondents’ FGM status and intention to practice it on future daughters. The study revealed that the prevalence of FGM is high in Maraban-Guga, with a large proportion of participants still willing to subject their future daughters to it. Targeted interventions aimed at addressing wrong beliefs and attitudes regarding the sexual, health, or socio-cultural benefits of FGM and improved public legislation against FGM are recommended.

Maryam Daud, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

This study investigates the relationship between occipito frontal circumference (OFC) and ponderal index (PI) with maternal age and parity among neonates. The study was conducted in three hospitals in Kano which are; murtala Muhammad specialist hospital, Muhammad Abdullah Wase teaching hospital and hasiya bayero pediatrics. The aim was to determine how maternal factors such as age and number of children (i.e parity) influence neonatal Anthropometric indices in particular OFC and PI. A total of 150 neonates and their mothers were used in this cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the mean values of OFC and PI which were found to be 32.690cm and 2.643g/cm³ respectively. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between maternal age, OFC and PI. The r-value between maternal age and OFC was found to be 0.399 with p<0.01 which shows a moderate positive correlation which is statistically significant while the r-value between maternal age and PI was found to be 0.273 with p<0.05 which shows a weak yet positive correlation which is statistically significant. Furthermore, student t-test was used to determine the relationship between OFC and PI across different parity groups. It was observed that neonates born to mothers with higher parity had a significantly larger mean OFC (33.58cm) compared to those with low parity(32.18cm) with p<0.05 while the mean PI did not differ significantly between the two groups (p> 0.05).